Cerenkov radiation is the emission of radiation by a particle moving through an insulating medium faster than the speed of light in that medium.
Synchrotron radiation is the emission of radiation by an charged particle undergoing acceleration. This happens, for example, if the particle moves in a circle, as in a synchrotron.
Radiation is sometimes also used, inaccurately, to refer to radioactive contamination, the release of radioactive isotopes into the environment. These isotopes then release ionizing radiation, which can be especially severe if the isotopes have been taken up by plants, animals or humans, since the isotopes then release their ionizing radiation from inside the organism.
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