National costume (also known as national dress) or regional costume expresses an identity through costume which usually relates to a geographic area, but can also indicate social, marital and/or religious status. Such costumes often come in two forms: one for everyday occasions, the other for festivals and formal wear.
Following the outbreak of Romantic nationalism, the peasantry of Europe came to serve as models for all that appeared genuine and desirable. Their dress crystallised into so-called "typical" forms, and enthusiasts adopted it as part of their symbolism.
Thus one might now expect a patriotic Scot to wear a Highland kilt and a Lowland Tam O'Shanter, an Irish Nationalist to sport green knee-breeches, etc. All true Frenchmen should wear a beret. German-speaking lands, long disunited politically, feature many regional variations of traditional dress. In this nostalgically idealised world, all South Sea islanders wear grass skirts, and all Africans appear topless or naked.
In England, on the other hand, early industrialisation preceded the full flowering of nationalism. There the middle-class uniiform of the suit predominated over the peasant's embroidered smock, and that suit spread throughout the world as a fashionable and prestige mode of dress -- only to become re-nationalised in forms like the Nehru jacket and the Mao suit.
