An autoclave is a device that uses steam to sterilise equipment and other objects. This means that all bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores are inactivated. (Prions are not necessarily destroyed.) However, in 2003 scientists discovered a single-cell organism (Strain 121) that survives autoclave temperatures. .
Autoclaves work by allowing steam to enter, and maintaining pressure at 103 kPa (15 lb/in²). This causes the steam to reach 121 °C, and this is maintained for at least 15 minutes.
The high pressure means autoclaves are constructed of strong metal, and are shut very tightly and securely.
Autoclaves are found in hospitals, microbiology labs, and other places that need to ensure sterility of an object.
Because damp heat is used, heat labile products (such as plastics) cannot be sterilised this way or they will melt. Some paper, or other products that may be damaged by the steam, should also be sterilised another way.
