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<h1>Tianjin</h1><pre> <p> </pre><strong>Tianjin</strong> (天津; <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</A>: tiān jīn, <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/postal_system_pinyin" title="Postal System Pinyin">Postal System Pinyin</A>: <strong>Tientsin</strong>) is a harbour <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/municipality_of_china" title="Municipality of China">municipality</A> in <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/china" title="China">China</A> on the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/hai_he" title="Hai He">Hai He</A> River (from <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</A>) and <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/bohai_sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Gulf</A> of the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/yellow_sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</A> (<A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/pacific_ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</A>). The placename literally means "the Heavenly Port".<p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px"> <caption><font size="+1"><strong>天津市</strong><br>Tiānjīn Shì</font></caption> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1"><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">Abbreviation</A>:津 (<A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</A>: Jīn)''</font></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2><IMG SRC="http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/c/c8/China_provinces_tianjin.png"></tr></td> <tr><td>Origin of Name</td><td>天 tiān - heaven <br>津 jīn - river ford<br>put together: <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/chinese_sovereign" title="Chinese sovereign">emperor</A>'s ford <tr><td><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/area" title="Area">Area</A> <br> - Total <br> - % of national <br> - % water </td><td><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/list_of_china_administrative_regions_by_area" title="List of China administrative regions by area">Ranked 30th</A> <br> 11919.7 <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km²</A> <br> 0.118% <br> xx% </td></tr> <tr><td><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/population" title="Population">Population</A> <br> - Total (<A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/2001" title="2001">2001</A>) <br> - % of national <br> - <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/density" title="Density">Density</A> </td><td><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/list_of_china_administrative_regions_by_population" title="List of China administrative regions by population">Ranked 27th</A> <br> 10,040,000 <br> 0.787% <br> 888/km²</td></tr> <tr><td><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</A> in <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/renminbi" title="Renminbi">RMB¥</A> <br> - Total (<A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/2002" title="2002">2002</A>) <br> - % of national <br> - per capita </td><td><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/list_of_china_administrative_regions_by_gross_domestic_p" title="List of China administrative regions by gross domestic product">Ranked 21st</A> <br> 202.26 billion <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/renminbi" title="Renminbi">¥</A> <br> 1.98% <br> 20150 <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/renminbi" title="Renminbi">¥</A> </td></tr> <tr><td>City <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/tree" title="Tree">tree</A></td><td>Chinese ash <br> (<em>Fraxinus chinensis</em>) </td></tr> <tr><td>City <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/flower" title="Flower">flower</A></td><td>Chinese rose <br> (<em>Rosa chinensis</em>) </td></tr> <tr><td>Administration Type<td>Municipality</td></tr> <tr><td>Mayor<td>Dai Xianglong</td></tr> <tr><td><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/communist_party_of_china" title="Communist Party of China">CPC</A> Tianjin Committee Secretary<td>Zhang Lichang</td></tr> <tr><td><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/political_divisions_of_china" title="Political divisions of China">County-level subdivisions</A></td><td>18</td></tr> <tr><td><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/political_divisions_of_china" title="Political divisions of China">Township-level subdivisions</A></td><td>241</td></tr> <tr><td><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/iso_3166_2" title="ISO 3166-2">ISO 3166-2</A></td><td>CN-12</td></tr> </table><p> Tianjin is one of four independent <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/municipality" title="Municipality">municipalities</A> in the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/people_s_republic_of_china" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</A> with <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/political_divisions_of_china" title="Political divisions of China">provincial-level</A> status. Historically, the city was, for a time, the capital of <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</A> Province.<p> <p><table border="0" id="toc"><tr><td align="center"> <b>Table of contents</b> </td></tr><tr id='tocinside'><td align="left"> <div style="margin-left:2em;"> </div> </div> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#History">1 History</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Geography">2 Geography</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Economy">3 Economy</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Political divisions">4 Political divisions</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Sports Teams">5 Sports Teams</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Colleges and Universities">6 Colleges and Universities</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#High Schools">7 High Schools</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Transportation">8 Transportation</A><BR> <div style="margin-left:2em;"> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Airplane">8.1 Airplane</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Train">8.2 Train</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Road">8.3 Road</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Bus">8.4 Bus</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#Metro">8.5 Metro</A><BR> </div> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#See also">9 See also</A><BR> <A CLASS="internal" HREF="#External link">10 External link</A><BR> </td></tr></table><P> <A NAME=""><H2>History</H2><p> The land where Tianjin lies today was originally part of the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/bohai_bay" title="Bohai Bay">Bohai Bay</A>, and was created by sedimentation of the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/huang_he_1" title="Huang He">Yellow River</A> when it entered the sea at that point.<p> The opening of the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/grand_canal_of_china" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal of China</A> during the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/sui_dynasty" title="Sui Dynasty">Sui Dynasty</A> prompted the development of Tianjin into a trading center. Until <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1404" title="1404">1404</A> Tianjin was called "Zhigu". In that year, the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/yongle_emperor_of_china" title="Yongle Emperor of China">Emperor Yongle</A> renamed the city "Tianjin", literally "heaven ford", to mean that the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/chinese_sovereign" title="Chinese sovereign">emperor</A> (son of heaven) forded the river at that point, as he indeed did earlier on his way to taking the throne forcibly from his nephew. A fort was established at Tianjin, known as "Tianjin Wei" (Fort Tianjin).<p> Tianjin was established as a county in <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1731" title="1731">1731</A>.<p> In <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1856" title="1856">1856</A> Chinese soldiers boarded <em>The Arrow</em>, a Chinese-owned ship registered in <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/hong_kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</A> flying the British flag and suspected of piracy, smuggling and of being engaged in the opium trade. They captured 12 men and imprisoned them. In response the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/england" title="England">British</A> and <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/france_1" title="France">French</A> sent gunboats under the command of Admiral Sir <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/michael_seymour" title="Michael Seymour">Michael Seymour</A> to capture the Taku forts near Tianjin in <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/may" title="May">May</A> <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1858" title="1858">1858</A>. The city was subsequently opened to foreign trade in June <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1858" title="1858">1858</A>, at the end of the first part of the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/second_opium_war" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</A>, when the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/treaty_of_tientsin" title="Treaty of Tientsin">Treaties of Tianjin</A> were signed.<p> Between <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1895" title="1895">1895</A> and <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1900" title="1900">1900</A> <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/britain" title="Britain">Britain</A> and <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/france_1" title="France">France</A> were joined by <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/japan_1" title="Japan">Japan</A>,<A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/germany_2" title="Germany">Germany</A>, <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/austria_hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</A>, <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/italy_1" title="Italy">Italy</A> and <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</A> in establishing self-contained concessions each with their own prisons, schools, barracks and hospitals. <p> In <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/june" title="June">June</A> <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1900" title="1900">1900</A> the foreign concessions came under siege during the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/boxer_rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</A> for several weeks. <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/herbert_hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</A>, the future <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/president_of_the_united_states" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</A>, was working in Tianjin at the time as chief engineer in the Chinese government's imperial bureau of mines, and together with fellow engineers built a protective wall against the attackers and risked his own life rescuing Chinese children.<p> Tianjin has been municipality since <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1927" title="1927">1927</A>, except from <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1958" title="1958">1958</A> to <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1967" title="1967">1967</A>, when it was reduced to a <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/provincial_city" title="Provincial city">provincial city</A> and capital of <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</A> province.<p> <A NAME=""><H2>Geography</H2><p> Tianjin is at the northern end of the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/grand_canal_of_china" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal of China</A>, which connects with the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/huang_he_1" title="Huang He">Huang He</A> and <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/chang_jiang" title="Chang Jiang">Chang Jiang</A> rivers. Tianjin borders <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</A> province, the municipality of <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</A> and the Bohai Gulf of the Yellow Sea.<p> <A NAME=""><H2>Economy</H2><p> The GDP per capita was ¥20443 (ca. US$2470) in 2003, ranked no. 56 among 659 Chinese cities.<p> <A NAME=""><H2>Political divisions</H2> Tianjin is divided into fifteen districts and three counties.<p> There are six districts that make up the "urban region" (市区: Shì Qū). These districts govern the urban area of Tianjin: <ul><li> <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/heping_district" title="Heping District">Heping District</A> (和平区: Hèpíng Qū) </li><li> Hexi District (河西区: Héxī Qū) </li><li> Hebei District (河北区: Héběi Qū) </li><li> Nankai District (南开区: Nánkāi Qū) </li><li> Hedong District (河东区: Hédōng Qū) </li><li> Hongqiao District (红桥区: Hōngqiáo Qū)<p> </li></ul>There are three districts that make up the "seaside region" (滨海区: Bīn Hǎi Qū). These districts govern towns and harbours along the seacoast: <ul><li> Tanggu District (塘沽区: Tánggū Qū) </li><li> Hangu District (汉沽区: Hàngū Qū) </li><li> Dagang District (大港区: Dàgǎng Qū)<p> </li></ul>There are six districts that make up the "region around the city" (环城区: Huán Chéng Qū). These districts govern satellite towns and rural areas close to the urban center: <ul><li> Jinnan District (津南区: Jīnnán Qū) </li><li> Dongli District (东丽区: Dōnglí Qū) </li><li> Xiqing District (西青区: Xīqīng Qū) </li><li> Beichen District (北辰区: Běichén Qū) </li><li> Baodi District (宝坻区: Bǎodǐ Qū, Baodi County before 2001) </li><li> Wuqing District (武清区: Wǔqīng Qū, Wuqing County before 2000)<p> </li></ul>The three counties govern towns and rural areas further away from the urban center: <ul><li> Ji County (蓟县 Jì Xiàn) </li><li> Jinghai County (静海县 Jìnghǎi Xiàn) </li><li> Ninghe County (宁河县 Nínghé Xiàn)<p> </li></ul>In addition, the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/tianjin_economic_and_technological_development_area" title="Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area">Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area</A> (TEDA) is not a formal level of administration, but nevertheless enjoys rights similar to a regular district.<p> <A NAME=""><H2>Sports Teams</H2><p> Sports teams based in Tianjin include:<p> Chinese Football Association Super League<br> <ul><li> Tianjin Kangshifu<p> </li></ul>Chinese Basketball Association<br> There are no teams based in Tianjin.<p> <A NAME=""><H2>Colleges and Universities</H2><p> [National] <ul><li><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/tianjin_university" title="Tianjin University">Tianjin University</A> (天津大学) (founded 1895) </li><li><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/nankai_university" title="Nankai University">Nankai University</A> (南开大学) (founded 1919)<p> </li></ul>[Public] <ul><li>Tianjin Polytechnic University (天津工业大学) </li><li>Tianjin University of Science & Technology; (天津科技大学) </li><li>Tianjin Medical University (天津医科大学) </li><li>Tianjin Normal University (天津师范大学) </li><li>Civil Aviation University of China (中国民用航空学院) </li><li>Tianjin University of Technology (天津理工大学) </li><li>Tianjin Urban Construction Institute (天津城市建设学院) </li><li>Tianjin Agricultural College (天津农学院) </li><li>Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (天津中医学院) </li><li>[Tianjin University of Technology and Education] (天津职业技术师范学院) </li><li><A HREF="http://www.tjfsu.edu.cn/zh/" class="external">Tianjin Foreign Studies University</A> (天津外国语学院) </li><li>Tianjin University of Finance & Economics; (天津财经大学) </li><li>Tianjin University of Commerce China (天津商学院) </li><li>Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts (天津美术学院)<p> </li></ul>Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.<p> <A NAME=""><H2>High Schools</H2> <ul><li><A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/yaohua_high_school" title="Yaohua High School">Yaohua High School</A> (耀华中学) </li><li><A HREF="http://tjnkzx.online.tj.cn" class="external">Nankai High School</A>(南开中学) </li><li>No. 1 High School (第一中学) </li><li>Xinhua High School (新华中学) </li><li>Shiyan High School (实验中学)<p> </li></ul><A NAME=""><H2>Transportation</H2><p> <A NAME=""><H3>Airplane</H3><p> Tianjin Airport (ZBTJ) is located on the east of the city.<p> <A NAME=""><H3>Train</H3><p> There are several railway stations in the city. Tianjin Railway Station being the principal one. It was built in <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1888" title="1888">1888</A>, initially, the station was located at "Wang Dao Zhuang (旺道庄)". The station was later moved to "Lao Long Tou (老龙头)" on the river side of the Haihe River in <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1892" title="1892">1892</A>, so the station renamed "Lao Long Tou Railway Station". The station was rebuilt from scatch in <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1988" title="1988">1988</A>. The rebuilding work began on April 15, 1987 and was finished on October 1, 1988.<p> Tianjin Xi (Tianjin West) Railway Station and Tianjin Bei (Tianjin North) Railway Station are also major railway stations in Tianjin.<p> Tanggu Railway Station is located in the port area of Tanggu.<p> Taida (TEDA) Railway Station is located in <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/tianjin_economic_and_technological_development_area" title="Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area">TEDA</A>, to the north of Tanggu.<p> There are also several other railway stations in the city.<p> <A NAME=""><H3>Road</H3><p> The <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/jingjintang_expressway" title="Jingjintang Expressway">Jingjintang Expressway</A> links <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</A> to Tianjin. Tianjin also has its own version of ring roads; they are Waihuan (Outer Ring), Zhonghuan (Central Ring) and Neihuan (Inner Ring). Tianjin is a transit point for those driving to Shanghai on the Jinghu Expressway.<p> Running from north of the <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/jingshen_expressway" title="Jingshen Expressway">Jingshen Expressway</A> to central Tianjin, the Jinji Expressway also links to Tianjin city.<p> China National Highways 102, 103, 104, 105, 112 and 205 pass through Tianjin.<p> <A NAME=""><H3>Bus</H3><p> The Tianjin bus network was created in 1904, and was the first city to have its own city-wide bus system in China.<p> There are hundreds of bus lines in the city.<p> <A NAME=""><H3>Metro</H3><p> Building work on the Tianjin Metro started on July 4, 1970. It was the second metro to be built in China and commencd service in 1984. The total length of track is 7.4 kilometers.<p> The metro service was suspended on October 9, 2001 and is currently being rebuilt. This new metro is called "Tianjin Metro Line 1". It is scheduled to be finished in the later half of 2005. The track will be extended to 26.188 kilometers and there will be a total of 22 stations. Previously, there were 8 stations.<p> There are also several metro lines scheduled to be built. Construction work on Line 2 and Line 3 will begin later this year(2004).<p> There is also a light railway line in the city. The line runs between Tianjin downtown and <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/tianjin_economic_and_technological_development_area" title="Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area">TEDA</A>, in the seaside region. The eastern part of the line began service on March 28, 2004. The western part of the line is scheduled to be completed in 2006.<p> <A NAME=""><H2>See also</H2><p> <ul><li> <A HREF="http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/solar_eclipses_as_seen_from_tianjin" title="Solar eclipses as seen from Tianjin">Solar eclipses as seen from Tianjin</A><p> </li></ul><A NAME=""><H2>External link</H2> <ul><li> <A HREF="http://www.tj.gov.cn/" class="external">Official site</A><p> <ol><li></li></ul>redirect </li></ol> .
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