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Social

The adjective "social" implies that the verb or noun to which it is applied is somehow more communicative, cooperative, and moderated by contact with human beings, than if it were omitted. That is, it implies that larger society has played some role in defining the idea or the principle. For instance terms like social realism, social justice, social constructivism, social psychology and social capital imply that there is some social process is involved or considered that is not there in regular, "non-social", realism, justice, constructivism, psychology, or capital.

It is sometimes applied in right-wing politics as a pejorative, that is, to imply that the idea or concept is inferior for having undergone this social process, which might be seen to be compromising. As if to validate this perception, in left-wing politics the adjective "social" is often taken to mean, simply, "good". What is not social is thus defined to be "bad" or at least to be investigated carefully before being accepted as truth or worthy of trust.

For these reasons, those seeking to avoid association with the left-right political debates often seek to label their work with phrases that do not include the word "social". An example is quasi-empiricism in mathematics which is sometimes labelled social constructivism by those who see it as an unwarranted intrusion of social considerations in mathematical practice, which is supposed to be "objective" and "above" social concerns.

See also: racial, global, political, international, society
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SPN Professional Profiles
Directory of over 700 social psychologists. Search by name or keywords of interest, browse by research area, or view an alphabetical list of all profiles.
http://profiles.socialpsychology.org/search.html

Klauer, Karl Christoph
Social cognition, cognitive psychology, research methods (Bonn U., Germany)
http://www.psychologie.uni-bonn.de/sozial/staff/klauer/klauer.htm

Hoorens, Vera
Person perception and on self-favoring biases in social comparison (U. of Leuven, Belgium)
http://www.psy.kuleuven.ac.be/lesp/idvera.htm

van Knippenberg, Ad
Social cognition: social categorization, stereotyping, person perception and memory, habitual and automatic behavior (U. of Nijmegen, Netherlands)
http://www.kun.nl/socpsy/english/medewerkers/aknippenberg/index.html

Nosek, Brian
Social cognition, Implicit Association Test (Yale U., USA)
http://www.briannosek.com/

Shaw, Jerry I.
Information search and impression formation, psychology and law, jury training, attribution of causality, homophobia, centrality preferences in choice behavior (California State U., USA)
http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00f/

Winkielman, Piotr
Affect and cognition, categorization and awareness in social judgment, conversational processes in social judgment (U. of Denver, USA)
http://www.du.edu/~pwinkiel/

Stapel, Diederik A.
Person perception, self perception, social comparison, psychophysics and comparative and social judgment, motivational processing, prejudice and stereotyping, political psychology, consumer psychology (U. of Amsterdam, Netherlands)
http://stapel.rosetta.nl/

Krauss, Robert
Conversational hand gestures, communication and cognition, language and emotions, social representations in language and cognition (Columbia U., USA)
http://www.columbia.edu/~rmk7/

Read, Stephen
Neural network models of reasoning and behavior, use of interactive media for studying and changing risky social behavior (U. of Southern California, USA)
http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~read/

Nelson, Todd D.
Stereotyping and prejudice, counterfactual thinking, attitudes, prosocial behavior, and self-regulation (California State U., USA)
http://www.csustan.edu/psych/todd/index.html

Glaser, Jack
Prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination; intergroup conflict and hate crime; unconscious affect and cognition; political decision making and behavior; political ideology (U. of California, Berkeley, USA)
http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~glaserj/index.html

Shoda, Yuichi
Social psychology and personality, coherence and perception of personality, social cognition, computational modeling of personality processes, health and coping behavior (U. of Washington, USA)
http://faculty.washington.edu/yshoda/

Greenwald, Anthony G.
Implicit social cognition, unconscious cognition, the self, research methodology attitudes and social cognition (U. of Washington, USA)
http://faculty.washington.edu/agg/

Malle, Bertram F.
Social and personality psychology, judgment and decision making (U. of Oregon, USA)
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~bfmalle/

Dunning, David
Accuracy and illusion in human judgment, social perception, accuracy and error in eyewitness testimony (Cornell U., USA)
http://comp9.psych.cornell.edu/faculty/people/Dunning_David.htm

Lambert, Alan
Stereotypes, the role of political ideology and values in social judgment, consequences of group variability, effects of the self on judgments of others (Washington U., USA)
http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~psych/faculty/lambert.html

Sokolowska, Joanna
Psychological theory of decision making, risk perception and acceptance (Warsaw, Poland) [some Polish content]
http://www.psychologia.info/

Markman, Keith D.
Motivated social cognition, social judgment and decision-making, counterfactual thinking (Ohio U., USA)
http://www.psych.ohiou.edu/people/Faculty/markman/markman.html

Forgas, Joseph P.
Social cognition, affect and social behaviour, social interaction processes, social judgment (U. of New South Wales, Australia)
http://www.psy.unsw.edu.au/Users/jforgas/

Vonk, Roos
Person perception and social cognition (U. of Nijmegen, Netherlands)
http://www.kun.nl/socpsy/english/medewerkers/rvonk/index.html

Ham, Jaap
Spontaneous inferences in person perception, stereotyping, attribution (U. of Nijmegen, Netherlands)
http://www.kun.nl/socpsy/english/medewerkers/jham/index.html

Zimbardo, Philip
Prisons, time, shyness, madness, violence and evil, persuasion, dissonance, hypnosis, teaching (Stanford U., USA)
http://www.zimbardo.com/

Wigboldus, Daniel
Social cognition, communication, stereotyping, and intergroup processes (U. of Amsterdam, Netherlands)
http://www.psy.uva.nl/ResEdu/SP/People/Wigboldus/wigboldus.html

Allison, Scott
Processes underlying social decision making and social judgment (U. of Richmond, USA)
http://www.urich.edu:80/~allison/

Karylowski, Jerzy J.
Social cognition (U. of North Florida, USA)
http://www.unf.edu/~jurek/

Ruscher, Janet
Stereotyping and prejudice in communication (Tulane U., USA)
http://www.tulane.edu/~jruscher/Janet.Ruscher.html

Lips, Hilary M.
An international scholar, lecturer, consultant, author and researcher on gender and women's issues. (Radford U., USA)
http://www.radford.edu/~hlips

Bizer, George Y.
Personality variables that impact the creation and maintenance of attitudes (Eastern Illinois University, USA).
http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfgyb

Hamilton, David
Social cognition, stereotypes, person perception, attribution processes (UC Santa Barbara, USA)
http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/hamilton/index.php

Blascovich, James J.
Social psychophysiology, challenge and threat motivation, immersive virtual environments as a research tool (UC Santa Barbara, USA)
http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/blascovich/index.php

Gasper, Karen
Affect and information processing (Penn State U., USA)
http://psych.la.psu.edu/faculty/gasper.html

Reeder, Glen
Social cognition, impression formation and attribution process, prejudice toward people with AIDS/HIV (Illinois State U., USA)
http://www.psychology.ilstu.edu/gdreeder/

Frank McAndrew's Home Page
This is the home page for Frank McAndrew, a psychology professor at Knox College with research interests in social psychology, evolutionary psychology, and environmental psychology.
http://faculty.knox.edu/fmcandre

Ray, Jon J.
An academic site giving access to published and unpublished papers on authoritarian personality, achievement motivation, dogmatism, conservatism, racism, A-B personality.
http://members.optusnet.com.au/~jonjayray/

Sherman, Richard C.
social cognition, processes underlying online self-presentation (Miami U., Ohio, USA)
http://www.users.muohio.edu/shermarc/

Edwards, John
Social cognition and individual differences: motivational and personality factors influencing social judgment (Oregon State U., USA)
http://oregonstate.edu/~edwardjo/

Collins, Nancy L.
Close relationships, interpersonal perception, social support, health psychology (UC Santa Barbara, USA)
http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/collins/index.php

Major, Brenda N.
Prejudice and self-esteem, coping with stress, legitimacy (UC Santa Barbara, USA)
http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/major/index.php

Mackie, Diane M.
Persuasion, social influence, affect, intergroup processes, social perception (UC Santa Barbara, USA)
http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/mackie/index.php

Klein, Stanley B.
Social cognition, mental representation of self, person memory (UC Santa Barbara, USA)
http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/klein/index.php

Higgins, N. C.
Optimism, coping, attribution theory, risk perception, aggression, helping behaviour (St. Thomas U., Canada)
http://www.stthomasu.ca/~nhiggins/higginsbrf.htm

McConnell, Allen R.
Forming impressions of social entities, self-concept representation, counterfactual thinking (Miami U., Ohio, USA)
http://www.users.muohio.edu/mcconnar/

Uleman, Jim
The role of intentions and culture in cognitive processes (New York U., USA)
http://www.psych.nyu.edu/people/faculty/uleman/

Windschitl, Paul
Attribution theory and judgment, judgment of likelihood (U. of Iowa, USA)
http://www.psychology.uiowa.edu/Faculty/Windschitl/Windschitl.html

Stewart, Tracie L.
Social cognition, mental representation of trait judgments, stereotyping and prejudice (Bard College, NY, USA)
http://www.psyc.memphis.edu/faculty/t.stewart/stewart.htm

Fredrickson, Barbara
Positive emotion and emotional regulation, memory for emotion, sex differences in self-objectivity. (U. of Michigan, USA)
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~blf/

Brewer, Marilynn
Social cognition, intergroup relations, social identities and the self concept (Ohio State U., USA)
http://www.psy.ohio-state.edu/social/brewer.htm

Kirby, Leslie D.
Task engagement, psychophysiology of emotions, motivation and emotion, appraisal theories of emotion (U. of Alabama, USA)
http://www.dpo.uab.edu/~lkirby/

Milgram, Stanley
Biography, key references, and quotations from Milgram's biographer, Thomas Blass.
http://www.stanleymilgram.com/

Russell, Gordon W.
Sport, riots, crowd violence, personality of rioters and peacemakers, sports heroes (U. of Lethbridge, Canada)
http://www.ampsc.com/~grussell/index.htm

Weary, Gifford
Cognitive and motivational influences on social perception processes (Ohio State U., USA)
http://www.psy.ohio-state.edu/weary/

Tetlock, Philip
Accountability, evaluations of judgments, political psychology (Ohio State U., USA)
http://www.psy.ohio-state.edu/social/tetlock/tetlock.htm

Sanna, Lawrence J.
Social cognition and mental simulation, cognitive and affective influences on performance (U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA)
http://www.unc.edu/~sanna/front.htm

Plous, Scott
Prejudice and discrimination, decision making, the human use of animals and the environment (Wesleyan U., USA)
http://www.socialpsychology.org/plous.htm

Beyer, Sylvia
Gender, self-perception, causal attributions of performance (U. of Wisconsin-Parkside, USA)
http://uwp.edu/~beyer/

Petty, Richard
Situational and individual difference factors responsible for changes in beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors (Ohio State U., USA)
http://www.psy.ohio-state.edu/petty/

Eagly, Alice
Attitudes, gender, meta-analysis (Northwestern U., USA)
http://www.psych.nwu.edu/psych/people/faculty/eagly/

Smith, Eliot R.
Social cognition, past experiences and social judgments, role of emotions in prejudice and intergroup relations, connectionist models in social psychology (Purdue U., USA)
http://www.psych.purdue.edu/%7Eesmith/home.html

Swim, Janet K.
Stereotyping and prejudice (Penn State U., USA)
http://psych.la.psu.edu/jswim/

Bodenhausen, Galen
Social attitudes, social cognition (Northwestern U., USA)
http://www.psych.nwu.edu/psych/people/faculty/bodenhausen/

Kelly, Janice
Group interaction process analysis, social psychology of time, and the effects of mood and social factors on group interaction (Purdue U., USA)
http://www.psych.purdue.edu/Social/faculty/kelly.htm

Agnew, Christopher
Personal relationships, health behavior (Purdue U., USA)
http://www.psych.purdue.edu/Social/faculty/agnew.htm

Carlston, Donal
Social cognition, mental representation, person perception, and impression formation (Purdue U., USA)
http://www.psych.purdue.edu/Social/faculty/carlston.htm

Wegener, Duane
Attitude change, social cognition (Purdue U., USA)
http://www.psych.purdue.edu/Social/faculty/wegener.htm

Arriaga, Ximena
Personal relationships, commitment, abusive relationships (Purdue U., USA)
http://www.psych.purdue.edu/Social/faculty/arriaga.htm

Gardner, Wendi L.
Physiological and social psychological investigation of evaluative and emotional processes (Northwestern U., USA)
http://www.psych.nwu.edu/psych/people/faculty/gardner/

Sherman, Jeff
Social cognition, impression formation, self perception, stereotyping (Northwestern U., USA)
http://www.psych.nwu.edu/psych/people/faculty/sherman/sherman.html

Krosnick, Jon
Formation and change of political attitudes, social and cognitive processes involved in responding to survey questionnaires (Ohio State U., USA)
http://www.psy.ohio-state.edu/social/krosnick.htm

Roese, Neal
Causal judgment, social comparison, emotion (Simon Fraser U., Canada)
http://www.sfu.ca/roese/

von Hippel, Bill
Prejudice and stereotyping, implicit memory, self-concept, social cognition (Ohio State U., USA)
http://www.psy.ohio-state.edu/vonhippel/

Gonzalez, Richard
Judgement and decision making, mathematical modeling of group processes (U. of Michigan, USA)
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gonzo/

Baldwin, Mark W.
Cognitive representation of interpersonal information (U. of Winnipeg, Canada)
http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/~baldwin/

Zarate, Michael A.
Cognitive processes underlying social categorization, prejudice, and stereotyping (U. of Texas at El Paso, USA)
http://www.utep.edu/~psych/zarate.html

Gurung, Regan A.R.
Social cognition and personal relationships, health behavior, cultural differences in health and coping (U. of Wisconsin, USA)
http://www.uwgb.edu/humdev/gurung.htm

Holmes, Bjarne M.
Adult attachment theory, romatic relationships, appraisal and coping with relationship stress, gender and power (U. of Massachusetts, USA)
http://mgt2.umassp.edu/moon/

Arkin, Robert
Attribution theory, self-presentation, self-handicapping, overachievement (Ohio State U., USA)
http://www.psy.ohio-state.edu/social/arkin.htm



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