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Child Psychology
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Child

      

A child is a young human. Depending on context it may mean someone who is not yet an adult, or someone who has not yet hit puberty (someone who is prepubescent).

Table of contents
1 Gender
2 Law
3 Development
4 Notable child prodigies
5 Street child
6 Human development
7 See also
8 External links

Gender

A female child is called a girl and a male child is a boy (though a small percentage of humans are intersexual, this is a distinction of biological sex, not necessarily social or psychological gender). Apart from the genitals, young children do not differ much by sex. Whether cultural and parental practices emphasize or weaken gender identity is subject to debate. In general, the extent to which gender identity is formed during childhood or congenital is a matter of much debate within psychology and genetics.

Law

In law, a person who is not yet a legal adult is known as a minor (known in some places as an juvenile, or, in others, as a infant). For example, in many countries a person under the age of 18 is a minor. Most countries give additional legal protection to minors despite their underage status, and all UN member states except the United States and Somalia have ratified the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of the Child, although not all of them have followed it.

Development

Child development is the study or examination of processes and mechanisms that operate during the physical and mental development of an infant into an adult.

Pediatrics is the branch of medicine relating to the care of children. It encompasses ages from prenatal to teenagers and even young adults (ages 0-21 years).

Terms for stages of age-related physical development include:

Physical development milestones

Note - the Tanner stages can be used to approximately judge a child's age based on physical development.

Cognitive development

Notable child prodigies

Street child

A street child is a child that lives on the street, in particular one that is not taken care of by parents or other adults, and also sleeps on the street because he or she does not have a home. See also homelessness. [1]

Human development

Human development refers to all forms of development above, often in the context of clinical psychology or as human development theory (in economics, an outgrowth of welfare economics).

Both the psychological and economic fields share a special concern with education and language fluency including literacy and numeracy, and with identification and development of more unique talents into the economic variable known as individual capital.

Earlier branches of economics see humans in terms of labour for production, means of persuasion or protection, which tend to be skills acquired only in adolescence and adulthood. The human development view is more evident in sports, music and other performing arts, such as acting where the child begins training often as early as three years of age. Think of Tiger Woods and his early practice golfing.

While there are problems with such early "streaming", child murder, child abandonment, military use of children and other major social ills are thought to be reduced by a human development approach - as there is a high value assigned to children by the state.

The UN Human Development Index is a means of measuring well-being used to rank states by these criteria. Although child abuse is thought to be lower in countries with a high ranking on this Index, that is not easily proven.

See also

External links


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The Child Psychologist
Dedicated to the fields special education and psychology and the remediation of childhood and adolescent disorders.
http://www.childpsychologist.com/

Parent-Child Interaction Assessment
Procedure developed to yield data about parental attunement as well as other aspects of parent, child, and dyadic functioning.
http://facstaff.uindy.edu/~rholigrocki/pcia.htm

AMA - Division 53 - Clinical Child Psychology
Information about the American Psychological Association's Division 53, Clinical Child Psychology. Includes links to publications and information about task forces, APA Convention activities, and membership for practioners and students.
http://www.apa.org/about/division/div53.html

Sibling Rivalry
The causes, consequences, and solutions to the multiple social, psychological and family problems caused by sibling rivalry.
http://www.angelfire.com/md/imsystem/sibriv1.html

NYU Infant Cognition Center
How babies see, understand, and learn about the nature of objects, categories, numbers, and language.
http://psych.nyu.edu/infant/

Successful Pathways through Middle Childhood
This multi-disciplinary research network seeks to understand the many ways by which children successfully navigate through the period of middle childhood.
http://midchild.soe.umich.edu/

Birth Psychology
Theory and research on birth psychology.
http://www.birthpsychology.com/

The Society of Pediatric Psychology
A forum for professionals interested in caring for children and their families.
http://www.apa.org:80/divisions/div54/

Sibling Rivalry
Dr. Vera Rabie-Azoory discusses her views on sibling rivalry and parental favoritism.
http://my.webmd.com/content/article/1700.50681

The Childhood Trauma
Text of a lecture delivered by psychologist Alice Miller in 1998.
http://www.vachss.com/guest_dispatches/alice_miller2.html

AMA - Division 37 - Child, Youth, and Family Services
Division 37 of the American Psychological Association (Child, Youth, and Family Services). Includes publications, membership details, convention information, and task forces.
http://www.apa.org/divisions/div37

Child and Family Study Group
The Child and Family Study Group is a research lab at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, USA. You will find information about our research, as well as other details about our lab.
http://cfsg.wayne.edu/

Center for Research into Psychological Development
CRPD aims to provide a context for research on children from infancy through to adolescence, and on adults of all ages.
http://www.soton.ac.uk/~crpd

New York Association of Early Childhood and Infant Psychologists
Professional organization for child psychologists based in New York City. Includes details of forthcoming events and current research.
http://www.nyaecip.org/

Dr. Amy.net
Resources regarding various child and teen issues. Three sections: Teens, Parents and Students.
http://www.dramy.net/

Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues
Listing of current research projects; listing of people involved with the Institute. Affiliated with Birkbeck, University of London.
http://www.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/iscfsi/index.htm

Ask a Child Psychologist
Ask an expert your child psychology, child development, and parenting questions.
http://www.askachildpsychologist.com



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