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PeroxisomePeroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotes. They consist of a single membrane that separates them from the cytosol (the internal fluid of the cell). Peroxisomes were discovered by Christian de Duve in 1965. Unlike lysosomes, peroxisomes are not formed in the Golgi apparatus, but self-replicate by dividing Peroxisomes normally enlarge then divide. Peroxisomes are 0.2-1 micrometers and are most abundant in the liver.
Functions
One of the main functions of peroxisomes is to detoxify the cell by splitting hydrogen peroxide. They contain the enzyme catalase. Catalase converts H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct of cellular metabolism) to H2O and O2, with 4H2O2 → 4H2O + 2O2.
Peroxisomes also degrade fatty acids and toxic compounds and catalyze the first two steps in the synthesis of ether phospholipids, which are later used to build membranes.
Peroxisomes are responsible for oxidation of long-chain fatty acids and thereby generating acetyl groups.
Peroxisomes contain other oxidative enzymes such as D-amino acid oxidase and urease oxidase.
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The Peroxisome Website
Information about the peroxisome and associated disorders for people of all scientific backgrounds, from patients to scientists.
http://www.peroxisome.org
Peroxins
Introduction to the function, phylogenetics and association with human peroxisome biogenesis disorders, and access to an annotated database of Peroxins, and link to cv of author in Nottingham, UK.
http://maths.sci.shu.ac.uk/dpzadik/peroxisome/index.pl
Golgi Apparatus
Introduction to the intracelullar post office, and its functions, with electron micrograph, from school student in UK.
http://members.rogers.com/school.richards/golgi.htm
Neurohistology Lab
Nucleus, cytoplasm, neuroglia, neuronal processes and fiber terminations of nerves, with flash-dependent electron micrographs, and explanation of their function from the Computer Assisted Teaching System of the University of Vermont, Burlington.
http://cats.med.uvm.edu/cats_teachingmod/neurobiology/histology_lab/
Golgi Bodies
Electron micrographs, cartoons and explanations of endoplasmic reticulum, the apparatus and their function, from The Natural Toxins Reaseach Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville.
http://ntri.tamuk.edu/cell/golgi.html
Cell Biology
Topics by organelle system, as part of the interactive learning program at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.
http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/#Cell%20Biology%20handouts
Malhotra Lab
Studies vesicular transport and Golgi apparatus at the cellular and molecular level. Includes biochemistry, histology and micrographs performed in La Jolla, CA.
http://www.biology.ucsd.edu/labs/malhotra/MalhotraLab.htm
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