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Vocational educationVocational education prepares learners for certain careers or professions, which are traditionally non-academic and directly related to a trade, occupation or 'vocation' in which the learner participates.
Vocational education is in most cases a form of secondary or post-secondary education. In some cases, vocational education can contribute towards a tertiary education at a university as academic credit however, it is rarely considered in its own form to fall under the traditional defintion of a higher education.
Up until the end of the twentieth century, vocational education focused on trades, for example building, agriculture and crafts, and was therefore associated with the activities of lower social classes. As a consequence, it has attracted a level of stigma.
However, as the labour market becomes more specialised and economies are demanding more skills, governments and business are increasingly investing in the future of vocational education through publicy funded training organisations and subsidised apprenticeship or traineeship initiatives for businesses.
Vocational education has diversified over the last century and now exists in industries such as retail, tourism, IT, funeral services and cosmetics.
The largest and the most unified system of vocational education was created in Soviet Union (see PTU, Tehnikum). But it became less effective with the transition of post-Soviet countries to market economy.
Vocational education is related to the age-old apprenticeship system of learning.
Readings
Achilles, C. M.; Lintz, M.N.; and Wayson, W.W. "Observations on Building Public Confidence in Education." EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS 11 no. 3 (1989): 275-284.
Banach, Banach, and Cassidy. THE ABC COMPLETE BOOK OF SCHOOL MARKETING. Ray Township, MI: Author, 1996.
Brodhead, C. W. "Image 2000: A Vision for Vocational Education." VOCATIONAL EDUCATION JOURNAL 66, no. 1 (January 1991): 22-25.
Buzzell, C.H. "Let Our Image Reflect Our Pride." VOCATIONAL EDUCATION JOURNAL 62, no. 8 (November-December 1987): 10.
O'Connor, P.J., and Trussell, S.T. "The Marketing of Vocational Education." VOCATIONAL EDUCATION JOURNAL 62, no. 8 (November-December 1987): 31-32.
Ries, E. "To 'V' or Not to 'V': for Many the Word 'Vocational' Doesn't Work." TECHNIQUES 72, no. 8 (November-December 1997): 32-36.
Ries, A., and Trout, J. THE 22 IMMUTABLE LAWS OF MARKETING. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993.
Sharpe, D. "Image Control: Teachers and Staff Have the Power to Shape Positive Thinking." VOCATIONAL EDUCATION JOURNAL 68, no. 1 (January 1993): 26-27.
Shields, C.J. "How to Market Vocational Education." CURRICULUM REVIEW (November 1989): 3-5
Silberman, H.F. "Improving the Status of High School Vocational Education." EDUCATIONAL HORIZONS 65, no. 1 (Fall 1986): 5-9.
Tuttle, F.T. "Let's Get Serious about Image-Building." VOCATIONAL EDUCATION JOURNAL 62, no. 8 (November-December 1987): 11.
"What Do People Think of Us?" TECHNIQUES 72, no. 6 (September 1997): 14-15.
External Links
See also
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International Association for Continuing Education and Training (IACET)
A non-profit association of education and training organizations and individuals devoted to the constructive and consistent use of the continuing education unit and to the improvement of the quality and effectiveness of continuing education, training and human resource development.
http://www.iacet.org/
Tech Directions Magazine
Tech Directions is a trade journal for teachers and administrators of career/technical and technology vocational education. It contains sources of information tailored especially for career/ technical and technology educators.
http://www.techdirections.com/
Workplace Education Resources and Links
Resources and links for adult education workplace providers.
http://geocities.com/workplace_education/
Automotive Youth Educational Systems (AYES)
A non-profit organization which provides mechanical training in line with theAYES initiative. Details of schools located across the US. White papers, news and partner details.
http://www.ayes.org
Office of Vocational and Adult Education (OVAE)
Supports a wide range of programs and activities that help young people and adults obtain the knowledge and skills they need for successful careers and productive lives.
http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ovae/
Watchmaker Education in North America
Information clearinghouse for prospective watchmakers, watch repairers and watch technicians. Links student candidates to watch schools in the United States and Canada. Identifies leading watch schools in North America.
http://watchmakereducation.com
American Education Centers
A nationwide network of career educational institutions providing students the opportunity and training to pursue careers in the medical, business, computer, legal and technical fields.
http://www.aec-education.com
JMAR Management & Training
Conducts protocol training seminars for the military and government. Provides a four-phase training covering basic through capstone levels. Seminars are conducted in Orlando, FL.
http://www.protocoltraining.com
Vocational Information Center
Career exploration directory that provides links to resources such as: career descriptions, career planning, trade and technical schools, workplace skills and issues, job hunting, and vocational education.
http://www.khake.com
Career Training Directory
The directory segments vocational fields so that you can find the information you need to start a new career.
http://www.careertrainingdirectory.com/
Electrician Schools
Information about electrician schools. Also provides form to request additional information from the schools themselves.
http://www.electrician-schools.com/
National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium
An organization of state and territorial vocational education agency heads committed to leadership and outstanding performance in vocational technical education.
http://www.careertech.org/
WorldwideLearn
The world's largest directory of online educational courses and programs.The corporate headquarters in Alberta,Canada partners with many US schools to provide a comprehensive list of resources for online education.
http://www.worldwidelearn.com/vocational-training.htm
Becoming a Vocational Education and Training Practitioner
Research report identifies the competencies needed by subject matter experts who facilitate learning in the workplace or in the classroom, and describes strategies that can be used to develop them.
http://home.earthlink.net/~amkefossen/thesis/
Degrees to Succeed
Listing of U.S. and Canadian vocational schools offering associate degrees in animation, automotive technology, business, culinary arts, design, and IT.
http://www.degreestosucceed.com/
The Electronic Training Village
Information in the field of vocational education and training (VET) in Europe.
http://www.trainingvillage.gr/
SkillsUSA-VICA
A national organization serving more than 245,000 high school and college students and professional members who are enrolled in training programs in technical, skilled, and service occupations, including health occupations.
http://www.skillsusa.org/
Cedefop
The European agency that helps policy makers and practitioners of the European Commission, the Member States and social partner organisations across Europe make informed choices about vocational training policy.
http://www.cedefop.eu.int
Association for Career and Technical Education
A national education association dedicated to the advancement of education that prepares youth and adults for careers. Its mission is to provide educational leadership in developing a competitive workforce.
http://www.acteonline.org/
The National Center for Construction Education and Research (NCCER)
Develops and publishes standardized construction and maintenance curricula, safety programs, management education, industry image materials and craft skills assessments.
http://www.nccer.org/
ELT Labs EnterTech
Online e-learning education and workforce training program for disadvantaged adults and at-risk youth. Includes a program demo, success stories, and information about the Austin,Texas based coalition of developers.
http://www.entertech.org
Lincoln Technical Institute
Trade school with locations in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois, Maryland and Texas. Offering HVAC, electronic engineering, computer technician, automotive technician, auto mechanic, and diesel mechanics.
http://www.lincolntech.com/
Trade-schools.net
Online resource of business, graphic design, information technology and culinary vocational schools in US and Canada.
http://www.trade-schools.net
National Association for Career Technical Education Information
America's premier organization for development and improvement of vocational-technical education information, finance, and accountability systems.
http://nactei.org
New Approaches To Integrate Learning In The Workplace
Examples from the community-initiative ADAPT.
http://www.lernen-am-arbeitsplatz.de/engl/index.htm
Vocational Education and Training for People with Disabilities
Information about vocational education and training (VET) and employment for people with a disability, including support for students working towards a qualification, access courses and bridging courses.
http://www.trainability.edu.au
National Association Of State Supervisors Of Trade And Industrial Education
Dedicated to the promotion, support, advocacy, and excellence of students, teachers, administrators, and programs of trade and industrial education.
http://itednt.ited.uidaho.edu/nasstie/index.html
National Association for Trade and Industrial Education (NATIE)
NATIE is comprised of teachers, supervisors, teacher educators, and administrators on the local state and national levels, and focuses exclusively on the needs and future of trade and industrial education.
http://www.skillsusa.org/NATIE/
National Skill Standards Board
A coalition of leaders from business, labor, employee, education, and community and civil rights organizations created to build a voluntary national system of skill standards, assessment and certification systems to enhance the ability of the United States workforce to compete effectively in a global economy. These skills are being identified by industry in full partnership with labor, civil rights and community-based organizations. The standards will be based on high performance work and will be portable across industry sectors.Â
http://www.nssb.org/
National Center for Research in Vocational Education (NCRVE)
America's largest center engaged in research, development, dissemination and outreach in work-related education.
http://ncrve.berkeley.edu/
Mechanic schools
Guide to Automotive,Aircraft,and Nascar mechanic schools in the United States
http://www.mechanicschools.com
Career and Technical Education Directory
Providing links and brief descriptions to online resources for a variety of careers and training programs including legal assisting, medical transcription, and bookkeeping.
http://www.geocities.com/brianfox/Library/library.html
International Vocational Education and Training Association (IVETA)
A worldwide network of vocational educators, vocational skills training organizations, business and industrial firms, and others interested or involved in vocational education and training.
http://cord.org/iveta.htm
Technology Education
Offering downloadable shop-safety checklists, quizzes, and handouts, with access to other free materials and information developed especially for high school technology education teachers and students.
http://www.teched101.com
Find Trade Schools.org
A resource for locating trade schools. Featuring locations for business, computer, and cooking programs, and schools offering graphic, web and fashion design.
http://www.trade-school.org
VoTech Schools - Vocational Training
Directory of vocational and trade schools offering training in automotive, NASCAR, motorcylce, marine & watercraft technician training, and other trades.
http://www.votechschools.org
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