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Arctic

The Arctic is the area around the earth's North Pole. The Arctic includes parts of Russia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Lapland and Svalbard as well as the Arctic Ocean. The 10°C (50°F) July isotherm is commonly used to define the border of the Arctic region.

The Arctic is also known as the Land of the Midnight Sun as it is within the Arctic Circle.

The name '\Arctic' comes from the ancient Greek αρκτος, meaning 'bear', and is a reference to the constellations of the Great Bear and Little Bear, which are located near the North Star (which is actually part of the Little Bear).

During the Cold War, the Arctic region was extensively monitored by the United States military, since the first warnings of a Soviet Union nuclear strike would have been indicated by ICBMs launched over the North Pole towards the United States of America.

For military service within the Arctic Circle, the United States Navy issues a service decoration known as the Arctic Service Ribbon.

References

• WordReference.com Dictionary Etymology
• CIA World Factbook 2002 - Arctic Region Large version of the arctic region map
• NOAA Arctic Theme Page Comprehensive Arctic Resource
• NOAA Bering Climate and Ecosystem Comprehensive resource on the Bering Sea with viewable oceanographic, atmospheric, climatic, biological and fisheries data with ecosystem relevance, recent trends, essays on key Bering Sea issues, maps, photos, animals and more.
• Arctic time series: The Unaami Data collection Viewable interdisciplinary, diverse collection of Arctic variables from different geographic regions and data types.

• Arctic Ocean
• Antarctica