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CookingCooking is the act of preparing food for consumption. It encompasses a vast range of methods, tools and combinations of ingredients to improve the flavour and/or digestibility of food. It generally requires the selection, measurement and combining of ingredients in an ordered procedure in an effort to achieve the desired result. Constraints on success include the variability of ingredients, ambient conditions, tools and the skill of the person cooking.
The diversity of cooking worldwide is a reflection of the myriad nutritional, aesthetic, agricultural, economic, cultural and religious considerations that impact upon it.
Cooking frequently, though not always, involves applying heat in order to chemically transform a food, thus changing its flavor, texture, appearance, or nutritional properties. There is archaelogical evidence of cooked foodstuffs (both animal and vegetable) in human settlements dating from the earliest known use of fire.
Effects of cooking
If heating is used, this can disinfect (depending on temperature, cooking time, and technique used) and soften the food. 45 to 140°F (4 to 60°C) is the "danger zone" in which many food spoilage bacteria thrive, and which must be avoided for safe handling of meat, poultry and dairy products. Refrigeration and freezing do not kill bacteria, but slow their growth.
Living foods diet adherents advise against the use of heat in the preparation of food: they believe that temperatures above 106°F (41°C) destroy essential enzymes in the food, which they believe are necessary for proper digestion and nutrition.
Cooking techniques
Some major hot cooking techniques:
Other (cool) preparation techniques
See also
Specific techniques and ingredients are often regional. See Cuisine for information about the many regional and ethnic food traditions. Please see food writing for some authors of books on cookery, food, and the history of food.
For recipes, see the list of recipes and the list of cocktails. Also see staple (cooking).
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Cook's Thesaurus
A cooking encyclopedia that covers thousands of ingredients and kitchen tools. Entries include pictures, descriptions, synonyms, pronunciations, and suggested substitutions.
http://www.foodsubs.com/
The Repertoire
Gourmet portal features recipes, message boards, chat, and links.
http://www.therepertoire.com/
Chef Paul Prudhomme
Tips and tricks of cooking.
http://www.chefpaul.com/tips.html
Metric Conversions from GourmetSleuth
Conversion chart from American measurements to Metric.
http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/conversions.htm
rec.food.cooking FAQ and Conversion File
Helps cooks from different countries communicate with one another.
http://home.t-online.de/home/vsack/rfc_faq.html
Roasting Timetable from GourmetSleuth
Chart for beef, veal, lamb, pork, and poultry.
http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/timetable.htm
Extremechefs
Information provided by chefs and restaurants from around the globe. Access recipes, job listings, and menus.
http://www.extremechefs.com/
Tips from Cuisine Magazine
From the print magazine, tips and techniques ranging from the basic to the unusual and specific. Covers a wide range of dishes, garnishing and decorating, utensils and cookware, and general kitchen help.
http://www.cuisinemagazine.com/tips/
Glossary from BBC Online
Listing of food and cooking terms.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/glossary/
Cooking Tips and Hints
Cooking glossary, hints, tips, tricks, and techniques from CDKitchen.
http://www.cdkitchen.com/features/
Nutrition and Learning Resource List
United States Department of Agriculture listing of publications pertaining to diet and education information.
http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/service/learnpub.htm
Cookery Online
Provides free information and resources on food, cookery and the hospitality industry. Includes recipes, know-how, and cooking tips and knowledge.
http://www.cookeryonline.com/
Cooking Vocabulary
Offers short descriptions for about 20 cooking terms such as julienne, mince, grill, and brown.
http://www.tipsofallsorts.com/cooking.html
Lone Star Dutch Oven Society
Organization dedicated to preserving the art of Black Pot Cooking.
http://www.lsdos.com/index.htm
Poaching
Discussion and tips on poaching food.
http://www.epicurious.com/b_ba/b04_fivebasics/poach.html
Cooks411
Cooking technique and food history.
http://www.cooks411.com/
Mortar and Pestle (Molcajete) from GourmetSleuth
A brief history, description, types and uses this tool, including photographs and recipes such as pistou, guacamole, and salsa.
http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/mortarpestle.htm
Smart Cook
Find message board, tips, recipes, and information on nutrition.
http://www.geocities.com/smartcook
A Tasteful Endeavor
Featuring a recipe-a-day, kitchen hints and tips, monthly contest, original cookbook, monthly newsletter full of recipes, and a dash of humor.
http://www.tastefulendeavors.com/
Thrifty Living - Substitutions: Flavorings
List of substitutions, using other ingredients normally found in a kitchen.
http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/thriftyliving/tl-flavorings.html
Guide to Home Cooking
Information, food features cover history, usage, and many recipes for individual foods, cooking methods, and appliances, at About.com..
http://homecooking.about.com/
SoYouWanna Stock Your Kitchen?
This full-length article discusses kitchen needs.
http://www.soyouwanna.com/site/syws/kitchen/kitchen.html
Azcentral.com : Cooking 101
Tutorial series features basic lessons that include kitchen organization, basic nutrition, food safety and preparation.
http://www.azcentral.com/home/food/cooking101/
Basics of Cooking Lessons
Features articles for beginners by Linda Larsen. Topics include information on following recipes, baking, food safety, meal planning and nutrition.
http://busycooks.about.com/library/lessons/bllessonseries.htm
Epicurious: Five Fundamental Cooking Techniques
Features articles for beginners on braising, broiling, poaching, roasting and sautéing.
http://www.epicurious.com/b_ba/b04_fivebasics/intro.html
Frugal Cooking Tutorials
Features lessons on bread baking and on the preparation of pasta sauce.
http://www.frugalcooking.com/tutorials/tutorials.htm
GourmetSpot.com - Cooking Tutorials
Article features links to information on basic skills and hints for the kitchen.
http://www.gourmetspot.com/features/cookingtutorials.htm
CSU Cooperative Extension Resource Center - High Altitude Food Preparation Guide
At altitudes above 3,000 feet preparation of food may require changes in time, temperature or recipe. Here is some advice.
http://www.cerc.colostate.edu/Titles/P41.html
1,001 Tips From Great Cooks
A searchable database of cooking tips.
http://www.epicurious.com/e_eating/e02_secrets/index2.html
Linda's Culinary Dictionary
A dictionary and history of cooking, food, and beverage terms.
http://www.geocities.com/NapaValley/4079/Glossary/GlossaryIndex2.htm
The Reluctant Gourmet
Guide for novices that includes recipes, techniques, and tips. Also features links to related sites.
http://www.reluctantgourmet.com/
Science of Cooking
Recipes, activities, and webcasts are used to explain the science behind food and cooking.
http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/index.html
Cooking Tips from Didyouknow?
Presents basic cooking information and tips.
http://www.didyouknow.cd/info/cookingtips.htm
3Men With Nothing Better To Do
Techniques and recipes of barbecue, smoking, making sausage, jerky, and bacon, competition cooking, South African cooking, and roasting large animals.
http://www.3men.com/
Fine Cooking Magazine
Presents tips, techniques, recipes, and articles from the magazine.
http://www.taunton.com/finecooking/index.asp
ABC's of Cooking
Offers tips for beginners, recipes and menus for home entertaining. Includes information on the preparation of appetizers, bread, barbeque, fish, pasta, and vegetables.
http://www.tasteofamerica.com/abcpage.html
Busy Cooks
Cooking information, methods, organization, and tips, provided by About.com.
http://busycooks.about.com/bltoc.htm
Aki's Kitchen
Offers recipes, advice for cooks such as recipe management, how ingredients work, techniques, tips, and which tools are necessary for any home cook.
http://www.akiskitchen.ca/
About Chocolate
Techniques on how to cook with chocolate, recipes, shopping information, articles.
http://chocolate.allinfo-about.com
How To Modify A Recipe
Fact sheet proposing a few ways to decrease the amount of fat, calories, sugar, and salt in recipes.
http://ohioline.osu.edu/~ohioline/hyg-fact/5000/5543.html
Roasting Guide
Interactive guide helps cooks determine how long to cook ham, poultry, lamb, beef and chicken, at Better Homes and Gardens..
http://www.bhg.com/default.sph/roasting_guide.class
Culinary Q&A from Suite101.com
Answers to your questions about entertaining, cooking, recipes, and food.
http://www.suite101.com/welcome.cfm/food
The Garnishing Place
Instructions on how to make edible art flowers and hearts. Includes photographs and links to other resources.
http://www.garnishingplace.com/
Recipe Global Network
Recipe collections, recipe contests, fighting against world hunger.
http://recipeglobalnetwork.8k.com/
Recipe Q and A
Volunteer Chefs available to provide answers to nearly any cooking inquiry. A brief description of their field of expertise is listed to enable the user to ask the question to the appropriate chef.
http://www.allexperts.com/browse.asp?Meta=2
Everyday Cook Glossary
Large selection of cooking terms presented.
http://www.everydaycook.com/recipebox/glossary.htm
Epicurious
The Bon Appetit Cooking Class main page with selection of tips on how to cook various items.
http://www.epicurious.com/b_ba/b02_class/class.html
Ask a Chef
Ask a professional chef for recipes, and food related questions, as well as cooking tips and restaurant based information.
http://www.geocities.com/jomel147/
Cook's Tools
Charts for measurement conversion, quantities and yields, common substitutions, candy making, can sizes, and roasting. From About.com.
http://southernfood.about.com/library/info/blcooks.htm
Cooking With The Seasons from suite101.com
Information about seasonal foods, including history of a food item, how to choose it in the store, and how to store it.
http://www.suite101.com/welcome.cfm/cooking_with_the_seasons
The Basics from suite101.com
Offers articles, forums, and links related towards basic tips and advice.
http://www.suite101.com/welcome.cfm/cooking_basics
The Saute Network
Food preparation techniques.
http://www.saute.net/
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