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Growth and Development
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Child

      

A child is a young human. Depending on context it may mean someone who is not yet an adult, or someone who has not yet hit puberty (someone who is prepubescent).

Table of contents
1 Gender
2 Law
3 Development
4 Notable child prodigies
5 Street child
6 Human development
7 See also
8 External links

Gender

A female child is called a girl and a male child is a boy (though a small percentage of humans are intersexual, this is a distinction of biological sex, not necessarily social or psychological gender). Apart from the genitals, young children do not differ much by sex. Whether cultural and parental practices emphasize or weaken gender identity is subject to debate. In general, the extent to which gender identity is formed during childhood or congenital is a matter of much debate within psychology and genetics.

Law

In law, a person who is not yet a legal adult is known as a minor (known in some places as an juvenile, or, in others, as a infant). For example, in many countries a person under the age of 18 is a minor. Most countries give additional legal protection to minors despite their underage status, and all UN member states except the United States and Somalia have ratified the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of the Child, although not all of them have followed it.

Development

Child development is the study or examination of processes and mechanisms that operate during the physical and mental development of an infant into an adult.

Pediatrics is the branch of medicine relating to the care of children. It encompasses ages from prenatal to teenagers and even young adults (ages 0-21 years).

Terms for stages of age-related physical development include:

Physical development milestones

Note - the Tanner stages can be used to approximately judge a child's age based on physical development.

Cognitive development

Notable child prodigies

Street child

A street child is a child that lives on the street, in particular one that is not taken care of by parents or other adults, and also sleeps on the street because he or she does not have a home. See also homelessness. [1]

Human development

Human development refers to all forms of development above, often in the context of clinical psychology or as human development theory (in economics, an outgrowth of welfare economics).

Both the psychological and economic fields share a special concern with education and language fluency including literacy and numeracy, and with identification and development of more unique talents into the economic variable known as individual capital.

Earlier branches of economics see humans in terms of labour for production, means of persuasion or protection, which tend to be skills acquired only in adolescence and adulthood. The human development view is more evident in sports, music and other performing arts, such as acting where the child begins training often as early as three years of age. Think of Tiger Woods and his early practice golfing.

While there are problems with such early "streaming", child murder, child abandonment, military use of children and other major social ills are thought to be reduced by a human development approach - as there is a high value assigned to children by the state.

The UN Human Development Index is a means of measuring well-being used to rank states by these criteria. Although child abuse is thought to be lower in countries with a high ranking on this Index, that is not easily proven.

See also

External links


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Child Health Record
Online brochure on health, and growth and development issues from birth to teenage years.
http://hna.ffh.vic.gov.au/phd/9710045/

Integrated Therapy for Children
Integrated Therapy for Children provided by Judy Sommer offers help with children with learning difficulties including dyspraxia, clumsy child, developmental co-ordination disorder, slow learner, slow reader, speech delay, poor gross and fine motor skills and poor handwriting.
http://www.integratedtherapy.co.uk

LaQuita's Speech-Language Development
This personal site by a professional speech-language pathologist provides information on speech-language development in infants and toddlers. Find information about disorders of speech and language and where to seek help, on signs of impaired speech and language in small children and steps for remediating these disorders.
http://ljames75.tripod.com/homepage

Catch A Falling Star Child Behavioral Plans
Behavioral change packets to include behavorial plans and tools to achieve success in modifying or eliminating inappropriate behaviors in children.
http://www.catchafallingstar-me.com

Preventing Harm
New physician-authored research links chemicals widely used by industry and commonly found at home to developmental disabilities, including behavioral and learning disabilities.
http://www.preventingharm.org/

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Conducts and supports laboratory, clinical and epidemiological research on the reproductive, neurobiologic, developmental, and behavioral processes that determine and maintain the health of children, adults, families and populations.
http://www.nichd.nih.gov/

Child Development Tracker
Year-by-year guide to child development for parents of 1 year olds to 12th graders, including advice, activities, and support of common challenges. Provided by Women.com
http://www.women.com/family/tracker/

Zero To Three
Nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing the healthy development of babies and young children.
http://zerotothree.org/

Child Development Institute
Provides information on parenting, child development, child psychology, health and safety, learning disabilities and teens.
http://www.cdipage.com/

Speech Delay
Expert information on speech language development, disorders, milestones and stages of development; comprehensive ask the experts message board on speech and language issues.
http://www.speechdelay.com

EducatingBaby
Provides the latest research on infant and child brain development. Additionally, offers parent education on child cognitive behavioral development.
http://www.educatingbaby.com/

From Birth to Puberty
A practical guide to the parenting skills needed to help your child develop a healthy sexuality.
http://www.frombirthtopuberty.com/

Developmental Checklist
For typical kids age 0 to 5.
http://web.syr.edu/~rjkopp/data/devchklst.html

Child Development Basics
Provides parents with information on physical, mental and emotional growth and development from prenatal to teenage.
http://www.cdipage.com/development.htm

Key Concepts of Early Child Development
All children progress through an identifiable sequence of physical, cognitive, and emotional growth and change. Children respond best when caregivers use specific techniques designed to encourage and stimulate progress.
http://www.worldbank.org/children/what/

Child Health Guide: Put Prevention into Practice
Guide explains preventive care for children such as checkup visits, immunizations, and tests and exams. Provides guidance on growth and developmental issues.
http://www.ahcpr.gov/ppip/ppchild.htm

Playwork Is Wicked
A site designed to communicate the importance of play and imagination for children by sharing philosophical beliefs surrounding child development and the role of creative play.
http://www.geocities.com/catherineheywood/



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