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WarGames

This article is about the movie. For games which simulate battle or conflict situations see Wargaming.


WarGames was a 1983 science fiction film written by Lawrence Lasker and Walter F. Parkes, and directed by John Badham. The film starred Matthew Broderick in his first major film role as David Lightman, Ally Sheedy as Jennifer Mack, Dabney Coleman as John McKittrick, and John Wood as Stephen Falken.

The movie was a hit, costing US$12 million, but grossing over $79 million in the US alone. The NORAD set was the most expensive single movie set ever built up to that time, at the staggering cost of $1 million.

  1. redirect

In the film, Broderick, a hacker, uses his 1970s vintage IMSAI microcomputer and modem (connected to the telephone by an acoustic coupler) to gain access to the NORAD military artificial intelligence computer system called WOPR¹ that can control the United States' arsenal of ICBMss.

The teenager, unaware of the machine's real purpose, discovers what he believes to be a simulation game called "Global Thermonuclear War" and begins to "play." Unbeknownst to him, WOPR sets in motion preparations for a real attack against the Soviet Union. With the aid of the machine's creator (Wood), disaster is narrowly averted when the hacker manages to teach WOPR about the futility of war by getting it to play endless drawn games of tic-tac-toe against itself which segue into cycles through all the nuclear war stategies that WOPR has devised. WOPR then learns that "the only winning move is not to play."

It was in part a cautionary tale about technology and the dangers of leaving machines in control of unleashing destruction, in an echo of the Doomsday device of . It also generalized the idea of the Cold War period in the 1970s and 1980s that somewhere there was a "button" that when pressed would nuke the whole world away (the button, marked "LAUNCH", had several prominent close-ups), and its final sequence graphically demonstrated the concept of mutual assured destruction (MAD). Also, it was one of the first movies to deal with teenage hackers and their activities.

At least one computer/video game was licensed from the WarGames movie, published in 1983 by THORN EMI Video under the movie's name and the alternative name Computer War. It was released for the Atari 8-bit family and the Commodore VIC-20, and possibly for other platforms as well.

The user account "Stephen Falken" was present by default for a long time in the operating system NetBSD, in homage to WarGames.

See also: demon dialing, warchalking, war dialing, war driving (the latter three actually derived from WarGames)

Notes

  1. WOPR = War Operations Plan and Response; in the movie, this computer system is running a program named "Joshua"

External links


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47 Military History and Gaming Magazines on MagWeb
Over 11,000 articles from 61 magazines are waiting in MagWeb--and the archive grows daily.
http://www.magweb.com

Historical Miniature Wargame Home Page
Historical Miniature Wargame Home Page
http://www.erinet.com/bp/hist.html

Tanzanica
Skirmish game system set in 19th Century Africa.
http://www.tanzanica.com

The Pocket General
A Flames of War fan site with pictorial battle reports, tactics guides, optional rules and links to other sites.
http://www.homepages.paradise.net.nz/ssmith1

Armchair Generals
Publish and sell rules for World War II era microarmor and air to air combat in miniature.
http://armchairgenerals.com

The Wargames & Military History Search Engine
The British Wargames wargaming and military search engine. Within this site links to all kinds of wargaming and military history sites will be found along with detailed descriptions of the sites themselves.
http://www.britwar.co.uk/search/

The Colonial Angle
Dedicated to colonial gaming with Victorian and Zulu soldiers with an emphasis on the Sudan and Zulu wars.
http://home.comcast.net/~theangle/index.html

The Long Road North
Official support site for this set of American Civil War Wargame Rules.
http://www.zen36884.zen.co.uk/lrn/

Panzer Marsch!
Official site contains rules, an army list, downloads, and purchasing information.
http://www.zen36884.zen.co.uk/pm/

WargameSystems
Home to eRules, a computer program that enables wargamers to recreate realistic world war two battles fast using model soldiers, AFVs and aircraft.
http://web.onetel.net.uk/~sharding/

The J-8 Shop
Wargame rules, variants, and background material.
http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Rampart/1966/

Age of Musket
A series of Wargame rules that cover the era of the Musket from 1690 to 1866
http://www.btinternet.com/~wendy_peter/ageofmusket/index.htm

Central Alberta Micro Armour
Wargaming, modelling, and supporting micro armour located in Alberta, Canada.
http://www.members.shaw.ca/centralalbertamicroarmour/

Hoplon Wargaming
A pre-firearm era wargames rule system, complete with army lists, utilizing elements of WRG's DBM, rules, but with emphasis on historical re-enactment rather than competition.
http://www.geocities.com/hoplongr/

Shieldwall Games
Makers of Skjaldborg a medieval, large scale, skirmish set of wargame rules. Site contains a shareware publication for the game, information on it, and rules.
http://www.shieldwallgames.com

The Loft
Information on 20mm WWII and modern gaming. Pictures of figures from: Liberation Miniatures, Skytrex, Combat Miniatures, FAA, and Britannia.
http://home.comcast.net/~andy-maloney/

Ancient Battles
Information on Alexander the Great in Warhammer Ancient Battles, Greek armies, Indian armies, Macedonians, war machines and war elephants.
http://www.ancientbattles.com

WWII Models
Rules supplied a 1:72 scale WWII game. Also pictures, and battle reports.
http://www.ww2models.tk/

Final Combat
A set of skirmish rules for role-playing and miniatures with an emphasis on WWII.
http://users.adelphia.net/~blacy

Swords And Dice
Visual reference for miniature enthusiasts. Contains photos of figures, painting references, historical information and community forum.
http://members.rogers.com/swordsanddice/

Battle Order Explorer
Software tool for creating, modifying, and printing battle orders.
http://www.histofig.com/eob/present_en.html

Major General Tremorden Rederring's Colonial Wargames Page
Award Winning Page - Beautiful to look at and very comprehensive.
http://zeitcom.com/majgen/

Wargame Miniature Flags
Downloadable flags for wargame miniatures. Many periods, suitable for all scales.
http://www.warflag.com/

Dutkins' Collectables
60mm hand painted plastic figures.
http://www.dutkins.com

World War II Wargaming
MEGABLITZ operational-level wargames rules. Scenarios and after-battle reports. A guide for speed painting 20mm figures and equipment.
http://www.users.dircon.co.uk/~warden/ww2/index.htm

Wargame Developments Network
Dedicated to the development of all types of wargames. Print newsletter - THE NUGGET - as well as an online discussion group. Responsible for 'COW' - Conference of Wargamers in the UK
http://www.users.dircon.co.uk/~warden/index.htm

Colonial Wargaming
Late 19th Century Colonial Wargaming. Free downloadable colonial wargames rules. Background to an imaginary colonial campaign in Africa. Fictional campaigns and Maps, and a section on Victorian Military Miscellany.
http://www.users.dircon.co.uk/~warden/colonial/index.htm

The Nafziger Collection
Designed for the wargamer, this collection is an extensive collection of military history and orders of battle.
http://home.fuse.net/nafziger/

The War Times Journal: Games
Miniature wargame rules for World War Two, World War One and the Napoleonic Wars.
http://www.wtj.com/games/

Skirmish Campaigns
Promotes a series of campaign books for recreating skirmish-level battles and campaigns from World War II. Includes several sample scenarios to download.
http://fisherts.home.mindspring.com/skirmishcampaigns

Command Decision
Miniatures rules for 20th century. Emphasizes command and control at the battalion level for popular miniature wargaming scales
http://www.GeipelNet.com/cdmailer/

Hawgleg Publishing
Official support for GUTSHOT, a game for up to 10 players, of one-on-one combat set in the American Wild West, with 25mm miniatures.
http://www.hawgleg.com

Historische Zinnfiguren / Historical Miniatures
Tabletop, Wargaming, Preußen , Prussians, Samurai, Planspiel, world war II, Deutsche Schiffe, German Ships, Zweiter Weltkrieg, Planspielregeln, Nagashino, Sekigahara, Zulu, Klio.
http://www.elb-kendo-und-zinnfigur.de/miniatur.htm

Fox Two
Rules covering modern air to air combat.
http://www.btinternet.com/~david.manley/wargames/Foxtwo/f2main.html

Old West Miniature Wargaming
Information for wargaming in the old West.
http://www.chem.kuleuven.ac.be/research/fysanal/members/bv/SHOOTIST/index.html

Melees Gloriosus
Sellers and publishers of miniature wargame rules, figures and accessories.
http://www.melees.net

Free Wargames Rules
Provides links to rules sorted by category.
http://www.freewargamesrules.co.uk

Mini Matters
Painting tips and links related to Ancient, Medieval and Fantasy gaming.
http://www.xs4all.nl/~grt

Italian Wargame Federation
Promotes historical wargames in Italy and organizes the italiam DBM and DBR championship.
http://www.fiw.it

Invasion 1940
A campaign based on Operation Sealion - the German plan to invade Britain in 1940 - being fought by a London wargames club.
http://uk.geocities.com/invasion1940/

Historic Gaming in St. Louis
Reviews of Games played in the St. Louis Area.
http://www.histgamestl.com

Principles of War Wargame Rules
Dedicated to this multi-period miniatures ruleset. Periods covered include Renaissance, 18th Century, Napoleonic, 19th Century, Colonial and early 20th Century conflicts. Contents include free scenarios and rule updates.
http://www.principlesofwar.com

Makourian's Wargaming Homepage.
Personal site of a UK gamer, principally dedicated to Ancient DBM and World War II Rapid Fire!.
http://www.makourian.co.uk

The Land of Counterpane - a wargamer's website
Mixture of rewviews, scenarios, rules updates and errata for miniature gamers.
http://members.aol.com/counterpaneland/



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