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Ballet

Ballet is the name given to a specfic dance form and technique. Dance works choreographed using this techique are called Ballets and may include; dance, mime, acting and music (orchestral and sung). Ballets can be performed alone or as part of an Opera.

Domenico da Piacenza is credited with the first use ot the term ballo (in De Arte Saltandi ed Choreas Ducendi) instead of danza (dance) for his baletti or balli which later came to be known as Ballets. The first Ballet per se is considered to be Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx's Ballet Comique de la Royne (1581) and was a ballet comique (ballet drama). 1851 also saw the publication of Fabritio Caroso's Il Ballarino, a technical manual on ballet dancing that helped to establish Italy as a major centre of ballet development.

Table of contents

1 History of ballet timeline 2 Ballet technique 2.1 Methods 2.2 En pointe 2.3 Pas de deux 3 Ballet production 3.4 Ballets 3.5 Ballet companies 3.6 Artists 3.6.1 directors 3.6.2 choreographers 3.6.3 dancers 3.6.4 teachers 3.6.5 composers 3.6.6 designers and scenographers 4 See also

History of ballet timeline

A basic timeline showing the history of Ballet:

• 14th Century17th Century
  • Medieval dance
• 15th Century
• 16th Century
  • Renaissance dance
  • baletti
  • ballet comique
• 17th Century
  • English Country Dance / contredance or contredanse
• 18th Century
  • Baroque dance
  • opera-ballet
• 19th Century
  • pre romantic ballet
  • Romantic ballet
  • Classical ballet or Russian ballet
• 20th Century
  • Modern ballet
  • Neoclassical ballet
  • Post-structuralist ballet

Ballet technique

Methods

Since its beginnings in the Italian court dances of the late [[14th century] ballet technique has been developed throughout Europe, Russia and the United States. Consequently there are several methods of ballet technique which differ slightly in the presentation and execution of the standard ballet vocabulary. These methods inculde the:

• Vaganova method
• Cecchetti method
• Bournonville School
• French School
• Italian School
• Russian School

En pointe

Dancing en pointe is the action of rising to 'tips of the toes' whilst performing steps from ballet technique. Also known as pointe work, it is mostly performed using hard toed pointe shoes but can be performed using soft toed ballet shoes. A development of the Romantic ballet period pointe work was developed by Marie Taglioni who danced the full length of the La Sylphide en pointe in 1832. Pointe work has now become a fundamental ballet technique for female ballet dancers (ballerinas). While pointe work is usually practiced and performed by female dancers some roles in ballets call for the male dancers to perform en pointe.

main article: en pointe

Pas de deux

Ballet pas de deux (step / dance for two) is a duet in which ballet steps are performed together. grand pas de deux refers to a duet in which a male and female dancer perform together and features supported leaps, lifts, and pirrouttes. pas de trois are trios and pas de quatre quartets.

Pas de dueux, trois and quatre can be indiviual works or part of a larger ballet (but are often performed out of context) and are usually danced by principal, solo and guest artist of a ballet company.

main article: pas de deux

Ballet production

Ballets

Seminal (important) ballets inculde:

• Les Sylphides
• Giselle
• Swan Lake
• L'Apres-midi d'un Faune
• Le Sacre du Printemps

Ballet companies

A Ballet company is group of dancers who perform ballets. Famous ballet companies include;

• Ballets Russes
• The Royal Ballet
• New York City Ballet
• American Ballet Theatre
• Paris Opera Ballet
• Kirov Ballet / Mariinsky Ballet
• Bolshoi Ballet

Artists

Seminal artists involved with ballets include:

directors

teachers

composers

see also: Dance personalia

See also

• Glossary of ballet terms
• categories of ballet
• Dance
• Dance basic topics
• List of dance style categories

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